Friends, in the English language there are some terms that are called PHILOSOPHICAL TERMS.
Here are some Philosophical terms:
1 Stoicism– The belief that you can’t control everything, only your reactions.
2 Existentialism– The idea that you create your own meaning in life.
3 Metaphysics– The study of what reality really is beyond what we see.
4 Epistemology-How we know what we know, the study of knowledge.
5 Ethics– Understanding what is right, wrong, and why.
6 Determinism– The idea that everything happens because of prior events.
7 Free Will– The belief that we choose our actions freely.
8 Dualism– The mind and body are separate things.
9 Monism– Everything comes from one single substance or reality.
10 Materialism– The belief that only physical matter exists.
11 Idealism– The belief that reality is shaped by the mind or ideas.
12 Nihilism– The view that life has no inherent meaning.
13 Absurdism– Life has no clear purpose, but we keep searching anyway.
14 Utilatrianism– The best action is whatever helps the most people.
15 Deontology– Follow moral rules, no matter what the outcome.
16 Virtue Ethics– focus on being a good person rather than following rules.
17 Pragmatism– What works in practice is what matters.
18 Hedonism– Pleasure is the highest good.
19 Asceticism– living simply and avoiding excess to reach reality.
20 Humanism– belief in human value, reason and dignity.
21 Ontology– The study of being, what exists and why.
22 Phenomenology– Understanding experience from inside, not outside.
23 Solipsism– The idea that you can only be sure of your own mind.
24 Relativism– The truth depends on perspective and culture.
25 Objectivism– there are universal truths independent of opinion.
26 Fatalism– What happens is designed and can not be changed.
27 Reductionism– Complex things can be explained by simpler parts.
28 Holism– You must look at the whole, not just individual parts.
29 Transcendence– Rising above limits, pain or ordinary experience.
30 Dialectic– Truth emerges by comparing opposing ideas.
31 Rationalism– Reason is primary source of knowledge.
32 Empiricism– Experience/senses are primarily source of knowledge.
33 Teleology– Study of purpose of final causes.
34 Consciousness– Awareness of self and surroundings.
35 Contingent– dependent on condition vs always true.
Anil Malik
Mumbai, India
17th December 2025